Thin module system and method

ABSTRACT

Modules with larger areas for device mounting but minimized profiles are provided. In preferred embodiments, modules that employ one or more flex circuits have sculpted supportive substrates to selectively accommodate larger or taller profile devices. In several preferred embodiments, higher profile circuits such as AMBs, for example, are disposed in what are, in a preferred embodiment, windows, pockets, or cutaway areas in the substrate. In other preferred embodiments, both the substrate and the flexible circuitry have openings into which a device of greater profile such as, for example, an AMB or a logic device with or without a resident heat sink are provided with a volume to occupy without adding the full profile of the taller device to the profile of the module itself.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,551, filed Dec. 8, 2004 and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/005,992, filed Dec. 7, 2004 both of which are, in turn, continuations-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/934,027, filed Sep. 3, 2004. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/007,551, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/005,992 and 10/934,027 are each incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to systems and methods for creating high density circuit modules.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The well-known DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) board has been used for years, in various forms, to provide memory expansion. A typical DIMM includes a conventional PCB (printed circuit board) with memory devices and supporting digital logic devices mounted on both sides. The DIMM is typically mounted in the host computer system by inserting a contact-bearing edge of the DIMM into a card edge connector. Systems that employ DIMMs provide, however, very limited profile space for such devices and conventional DIMM-based solutions have typically provided only a moderate amount of memory expansion.

As bus speeds have increased, fewer devices per channel can be reliably addressed with a DIMM-based solution. For example, 288 ICs or devices per channel may be addressed using the SDRAM-100 bus protocol with an unbuffered DIMM. Using the DDR-200 bus protocol, approximately 144 devices may be addressed per channel. With the DDR2-400 bus protocol, only 72 devices per channel may be addressed. This constraint has led to the development of the fully-buffered DIMM (FB-DIMM) with buffered C/A and data in which 288 devices per channel may be addressed. With the FB-DIMM, not only has capacity increased, pin count has declined to approximately 69 from the approximately 240 pins previously required.

The FB-DIMM circuit solution is expected to offer practical motherboard memory capacities of up to about 192 gigabytes with six channels and eight DIMMs per channel and two ranks per DIMM using one gigabyte DRAMs. This solution should also be adaptable to next generation technologies and should exhibit significant downward compatibility.

This improvement has, however, come with some cost and will eventually be self-limiting. The basic principle of systems that employ FB-DIMM relies upon a point-to-point or serial addressing scheme rather than the parallel multi-drop interface that dictates non-buffered DIMM addressing. That is, one DIMM is in point-to-point relationship with the memory controller and each DIMM is in point-to-point relationship with adjacent DIMMs. Consequently, as bus speeds increase, the number of DIMMs on a bus will decline as the discontinuities caused by the chain of point to point connections from the controller to the “last” DIMM become magnified in effect as speeds increase.

Another coming issue in memory module strategy and design arises from expected increases in circuit die sizes and the concomitant increases in package sizing. When packaged, it is expected that typical DRAMs of coming densities and capacities will not readily fit on 30 mm. JEDEC DIMMs of conventional construction. Consequently, conventional DIMM design is unlikely to accommodate the underlying memory technology as die sizes rise to meet the ubiquitous pressures for greater capability.

Consequently, methods to increase the capacity of DIMMs and PCI modules as well as other circuits and designs find value in contemporary memory and computing systems. There are several known methods to improve the limited capacity of a DIMM or other circuit board. In one strategy, for example, small circuit boards (daughter cards) are connected to the DIMM to provide extra mounting space. The additional connection may cause, however, flawed signal integrity for the data signals passing from the DIMM to the daughter card and the additional thickness of the daughter card(s) increases the profile of the DIMM.

Multiple die packages (MDP) are also used to increase DIMM capacity while preserving profile conformity. This scheme increases the capacity of the memory devices on the DIMM by including multiple semiconductor die in a single device package. The additional heat generated by the multiple die typically requires, however, additional cooling capabilities to operate at maximum operating speed. Further, the MDP scheme may exhibit increased costs because of increased yield loss from packaging together multiple die that are not fully pre-tested.

Stacked packages are yet another strategy used to increase circuit board capacity. This scheme increases capacity by stacking packaged integrated circuits to create a high-density circuit module for mounting on the circuit board. In some techniques, flexible conductors are used to selectively interconnect packaged integrated circuits. Staktek Group L.P. has developed numerous systems for aggregating CSP (chipscale packaged) devices in space saving topologies. The increased component height of some stacking techniques may alter, however, system requirements such as, for example, required cooling airflow or the minimum spacing around a circuit board on its host system.

What is needed, therefore, are methods and structures for increasing the capacity and flexibility of circuit modules.

SUMMARY

Modules with more area for device mounting but minimized profiles are provided. In preferred embodiments, modules that employ one or more flex circuits have sculpted supportive substrates to selectively accommodate larger or taller profile devices. It may be employed, for example, to advantage with modules populated with one or more of a variety of circuitry types including memory, logic, or control circuitry, for example.

In several preferred embodiments, higher profile circuits such as AMBs, for example, are disposed in what are, in a preferred embodiment, windows, pockets, or cutaway areas in the substrate. In other preferred embodiments, both the substrate and the flexible circuitry have openings into which a devices of higher profile such as, for example, an AMB or a logic device with or without a resident heat sink may be placed to avoid adding the full profile of the taller device to the profile of the module itself.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a depiction of a preferred embodiment of a module devised in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a contact bearing first side of a flex circuit devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts the second side of the exemplar populated flex circuit of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional depiction through the devices as populated in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the area marked ‘A’ in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of a module devised in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 depicts the area near an end of a substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 depicts a cross-sectional view of a module assembly devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of one preferred embodiment.

FIG. 10 depicts one perspective of an exemplar module devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is another depiction of the relationship between flex circuitry and a substrate 14 which has been patterned or windowed with cutaway areas.

FIG. 12 depicts a cross sectional view of an exemplar substrate employed in FIG. 11 before being combined with populated flex circuits.

FIG. 13 depicts another embodiment of the invention having additional ICs.

FIG. 14 is a representation of impedance discontinuities in typical FB-DIMM systems.

FIG. 15 is a representation of impedance discontinuities in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 depicts yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 presents another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 depicts a low profile embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 depicts a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 depicts a flex circuit devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 depicts another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 depicts yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 depicts a preferred embodiment devised in accordance with the present invention. Module 10 is depicted in FIG. 1 exhibiting ICs 18 and circuit 19.

FIG. 2 depicts a first side 8 of flex circuit 12 (“flex”, “flex circuitry”, “flexible circuit”) used in constructing a module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Flex circuit 12 is preferably made from one or more conductive layers supported by one or more flexible substrate layers as further described with reference to later Figs. The construction of flex circuitry is known in the art. The entirety of the flex circuit 12 may be flexible or, as those of skill in the art will recognize, the flexible circuit structure 12 may be made flexible in certain areas to allow conformability to required shapes or bends, and rigid in other areas to provide rigid and planar mounting surfaces. Preferred flex circuit 12 has openings 17 for use in aligning flex circuit 12 to substrate 14 during assembly.

ICs 18 on flexible circuit 12 are, in this embodiment, chip-scale packaged memory devices of small scale. For purposes of this disclosure, the term chip-scale or “CSP” shall refer to integrated circuitry of any function with an array package providing connection to one or more die through contacts (often embodied as “bumps” or “balls” for example) distributed across a major surface of the package or die. CSP does not refer to leaded devices that provide connection to an integrated circuit within the package through leads emergent from at least one side of the periphery of the package such as, for example, a TSOP.

Embodiments of the present invention may be employed with leaded or CSP devices or other devices in both packaged and unpackaged forms but where the term CSP is used, the above definition for CSP should be adopted. Consequently, although CSP excludes leaded devices, references to CSP are to be broadly construed to include the large variety of array devices (and not to be limited to memory only) and whether die-sized or other size such as BGA and micro BGA as well as flip-chip. As those of skill will understand after appreciating this disclosure, some embodiments of the present invention may be devised to employ stacks of ICs each disposed where an IC 18 is indicated in the exemplar Figs.

Multiple integrated circuit die may be included in a package depicted as a single IC 18. While in this embodiment memory ICs are used to provide a memory expansion board or module, and various embodiments may include a variety of integrated circuits and other components. Such variety may include microprocessors, FPGA's, RF transceiver circuitry, digital logic, as a list of non-limiting examples, or other circuits or systems which may benefit from a high-density circuit board or module capability. Circuit 19 depicted between ICs 18 may be a memory buffer or, controller, or in some preferred embodiments the well-known advanced memory buffer or “AMB”.

The depiction of FIG. 2 shows flex circuit 12 as having first and second fields F1 and F2. Each of fields F1 and F2 have at least one mounting contact array for CSPs such as the one depicted by reference 11A. Contact arrays such as array 11 are disposed beneath ICs 18 and circuits 19. An exemplar contact array 11A is shown as is exemplar IC 18 to be mounted at contact array 11A as depicted. The contact arrays 11A that correspond to an IC plurality may be considered a contact array set.

Field F1 of side 8 of flex circuit 12 is shown populated with first plurality of CSPs IC_(R1) and second plurality of CSPs IC_(R2) while second field F2 of side 8 of flex circuit 12 is shown populated with first plurality of CSPs IC_(R1) and second plurality of CSPs IC_(R2). Those of skill will recognize that the identified pluralities of CSPs are, when disposed in the configurations depicted, typically described as “ranks”. Between the ranks IC_(R2) of field F1 and IC_(R2) of field F2, flex circuit 12 bears a plurality of module contacts allocated in this embodiment into two rows (C_(R1) and C_(R2)) of module contacts 20. When flex circuit 12 is folded as later depicted, side 8 depicted in FIG. 2 is presented at the outside of module 10. The opposing side 9 of flex circuit 12 is on the inside in several depicted configurations of module 10 and thus side 9 is closer to the substrate 14 about which flex circuit 12 is disposed than is side 8. Other embodiments may have other numbers of ranks and combinations of plural CSPs connected to create the module of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows side 9 of flex circuit 12 depicting the other side of the flex circuit shown in FIG. 2. Side 9 of flex circuit 12 is shown as being populated with multiple CSPs 18. Side 9 includes fields F1 and F2 that each include at least one mounting contact array site for CSPs and, in the depicted case, include multiple contact arrays. Each of fields F1 and F2 include, in the depicted preferred embodiment, two pluralities of ICs identified in FIG. 3 as IC_(R1) and IC_(R2). Thus, each side of flex circuit 12 has, in a preferred embodiment, two fields F1 and F2 each of which fields includes two ranks of CSPs IC_(R1) and IC_(R2). In later FIG. 4, it will be recognized that fields F1 and F2 will be disposed on different sides of substrate 14 in a completed module 10 when ICs 18 are identified according to the organizational identification depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 but those of skill will recognize that the groupings of ICs 18 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are not dictated by the invention but are provided merely as an exemplar organizational strategy to assist in understanding the present invention.

Various discrete components such as termination resistors, bypass capacitors, and bias resistors, in addition to the circuits 19 shown on side 8 of flex circuit 12, may be mounted on either or both of sides 8 and 9 of flex 12. Such discrete components are not shown to simplify the drawing. Flex circuit 12 may also depicted with reference to its perimeter edges, two of which are typically long (PE_(long1) and PE_(long 2)) and two of which are typically shorter (PE_(short1) and PE_(short2)). Other embodiments may employ flex circuits 12 that are not rectangular in shape and may be square in which case the perimeter edges would be of equal size or other convenient shape to adapt to manufacturing particulars. Other embodiments may also have fewer or greater numbers of ranks or pluralities of ICs in each field or on a side of a flex circuit.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplar conductive trace 21 connecting row C_(R2) of module contacts 20 to ICs 18. Those of skill will understand that there are many such traces in a typical embodiment. Traces 21 may also connect to vias that may transit to other conductive layers of flex 12 in certain embodiments having more than one conductive layer. In a preferred embodiment, vias connect ICs 18 on side 9 of flex 12 to module contacts 20. An example via is shown as reference 23. Traces 21 may make other connections between the ICs on either side of flex 12 and may traverse the rows of module contacts 20 to interconnect ICs. Together the various traces and vias make interconnections needed to convey data and control signals amongst the various ICs and buffer circuits. Those of skill will understand that the present invention may be implemented with only a single row of module contacts 20 and may, in other embodiments, be implemented as a module bearing ICs on only one side of flex circuit 12.

FIG. 4 is a cross section view of a module 10 devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Module 10 is populated with ICs 18 having top surfaces 18 _(T) and bottom surfaces 18 _(B). Substrate or support structure 14 has first and second perimeter edges 16A and 16B appearing in the depiction of FIG. 4 as ends. Substrate or support structure 14 typically has first and second lateral sides S₁ and S₂. Flex 12 is wrapped about perimeter edge 16A of substrate 14, which in the depicted embodiment, provides the basic shape of a common DIMM board form factor such as that defined by JEDEC standard MO-256.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the area marked ‘A’ in FIG. 4. Edge 16A of substrate 14 is shaped like a male side edge of an edge card connector. While a particular oval-like configuration is shown, edge 16A may take on other shapes devised to mate with various connectors or sockets. The form and function of various edge card connectors are well know in the art. In many preferred embodiments, flex 12 is wrapped around edge 16A of substrate 14 and may be laminated or adhesively connected to substrate 14 with adhesive 30. The depicted adhesive 30 and flex 12 may vary in thickness and are not drawn to scale to simplify the drawing. The depicted substrate 14 has a thickness such that when assembled with the flex 12 and adhesive 30, the thickness measured between module contacts 20 falls in the range specified for the mating connector. In some other embodiments, flex circuit 12 may be wrapped about perimeter edge 16B or both perimeter edges 16A and 16B of substrate 14. In other instances, multiple flex circuits may be employed or a single flex circuit may connect one or both sets of contacts 20 to the resident ICs.

FIG. 6 depicts a cross-sectional view of a module 10 devised in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention with the view taken along a line through two AMBs and selected ICs 18 from IC_(R1). The module 10 depicted in FIG. 6 differs from that shown in earlier embodiments in that rather than a single flex circuit 12, the depicted exemplar module 10 employs two flex circuits 12A and 12B with 12A being disposed on one lateral side S1 of substrate 14 while flex circuit 12B is employed on lateral side S2 of substrate 14.

FIG. 7 depicts the area near end 16A of substrate 14 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 that employs two flex circuits identified as 12A and 12B to implement a module in accordance with an alternate preferred embodiment of the present invention. Each of flex circuits 12A and 12B are populated with ICs 18 on one or both of their respective sides 8 and 9 and each of flex circuits 12A and 12B employ a circuit 19 such as, for example, an advanced buffer circuit or AMB to implement, along with the resident CSPs, multiple FB-DIMM circuits mounted on a single module 10. The area on side 9 of each of flex circuits 12A and 12B opposite the disposition of circuit 19 disposed along side 8 of flex circuits 12A and 12B is, in the depicted module, filled with a conformal material 31 to provide support along the length of module 10 where structure is not provided by the bodies of circuits such as ICs 18 or buffers 19.

FIG. 8 depicts a cross-sectional view of a module 10 devised with a substrate 14 that has cutaway areas into which ICs 18 are disposed to reduce the profile of module 10. Corresponding ICs 18 from each of fields F1 and F2 pass through windows 250 in substrate 14 as shown in later Figs. in further detail and the inner ICs 18 are preferably attached to each other's upper surfaces 18 _(T) with a thermally conductive adhesive 30. While in this embodiment, the depicted ICs are attached to flex circuit 12 in opposing pairs, fewer or greater numbers of ICs may be connected in other arrangements such as, for example, staggered or offset arrangements in which they may exhibit preferred thermal characteristics. In a preferred embodiment, ICs 18 will be CSPs and typically, memory CSPs. To simplify the drawing, discrete components such as resistors and capacitors typically found on embodiments of module 10 are not shown.

In this embodiment, flex circuit 12 has module contacts 20 positioned in a manner devised to fit in a circuit board card edge connector or socket and connect to corresponding contacts in the connector (not shown). While module contacts 20 are shown protruding from the surface of flex circuit 12, other embodiments may have flush contacts or contacts below the surface level of flex 12. Substrate 14 supports module contacts 20 from behind flex circuit 12 in a manner devised to provide the mechanical form required for insertion into a socket. In other embodiments, the thickness or shape of substrate 14 in the vicinity of perimeter edge 16A may differ from that in the vicinity of perimeter edge 16B. Substrate 14 in the depicted embodiment is preferably made of a metal such as aluminum or copper, as non-limiting examples, or where thermal management is less of an issue, materials such as FR4 (flame retardant type 4) epoxy laminate, PTFE (poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) or plastic. In another embodiment, advantageous features from multiple technologies may be combined with use of FR4 having a layer of copper on both sides to provide a substrate 14 devised from familiar materials which may provide heat conduction or a ground plane.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion of one preferred embodiment showing lower IC 18 ₁ and upper IC 18 ₂ and substrate 14 having cutaway areas into which ICs 18 are disposed. In this embodiment, conductive layer 66 of flex circuit 12 contains conductive traces connecting module contacts 20 to BGA contacts 63 on ICs 18 ₁ and 18 ₂. The number of layers may be devised in a manner to achieve the bend radius required in those embodiments that bend flex circuit 12 around edge 16A or 16B, for example. The number of layers in any particular portion of flex circuit 12 may also be devised to achieve the necessary connection density given a particular minimum trace width associated with the flex circuit technology used. Some flex circuits 12 may have three or four or more conductive layers. Such layers may be beneficial to route signals in a FB-DIMM which may have fewer DIMM input/output signals than a registered DIMM, but may have more interconnect traces required among devices on the DIMM, such as, for example, the C/A copy A and C/A copy B (command/address) signals produced by an FB-DIMM AMB.

In this embodiment, there are three layers of flex circuit 12 between the two depicted ICs 18 ₁ and 18 ₂. Conductive layers 64 and 66 express conductive traces that connect to the ICs and may further connect to other discrete components (not shown). Preferably, the conductive layers are metal such as, for example, copper or alloy 110. Vias such as the exemplar vias 23 connect the two conductive layers 64 and 66 and thereby enable connection between conductive layer 64 and module contacts 20. In this preferred embodiment having a three-layer portion of flex circuit 12, the two conductive layers 64 and 66 may be devised in a manner so that one of them has substantial area employed as a ground plane. The other layer may employ substantial area as a voltage reference plane. The use of plural conductive layers provides advantages and the creation of a distributed capacitance intended to reduce noise or bounce effects that can, particularly at higher frequencies, degrade signal integrity, as those of skill in the art will recognize. If more than two conductive layers are employed, additional conductive layers may be added with insulating layers separating conductive layers. Portions of flex circuit 12 may in some embodiments be rigid portions (rigid-flex). Construction of rigid-flex circuitry is known in the art.

With the construction of an embodiment such as that shown in FIG. 9, thermal energy will be urged to move between the respective ICs 18 ₁. Thus, the ICs become a thermal mass sharing the thermal load. Flex circuit 12 may be particularly devised to operate as a heat spreader or sink adding to the thermal conduction out of ICs 18 ₁ and 18 ₂.

FIG. 10 depicts one perspective of an exemplar module 10 devised in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As those of skill will understand, the depiction of FIG. 10 is simplified to show more clearly the principles of the invention but depicts fewer ICs 18 than would typically be presented in embodiments of the present invention.

The principles of the present invention may, however, be employed where only one IC 18 is resident on a side of a flex circuit 12 or where multiple ranks or pluralities of ICS are resident on a side of flex circuit 12, or, as will be later shown, where multiple ICs 18 are disposed one atop the other to give a single-module 10 materially greater.

FIG. 10 depicts a cross sectional view of an exemplar module showing a reduced number of ICs 18 to allow a clearer exposition of the principles of the present invention as illustrated by this depicted embodiment. The module shown in FIG. 10 is formed with an exemplar flex circuit such as that depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3. The second side 9 of flex circuit 12 shown in FIG. 3 is folded about substrate 14 shown in FIG. 10 to place ICs 18 into the windows 250 arrayed along substrate 14. This results in ICs of ranks IC_(R1) and IC_(R2) being disposed back to back within windows 250. Preferably, a thermally conductive adhesive or glue is used on the upper sides of ICs 18 to encourage thermal energy flow as well as provide some mechanical advantages. Those of skill will recognize that in this embodiment, where FIG. 10 depicts the first or, in this case, the outer side of the flex circuit once combined with substrate 14, the flex circuit itself will have staggered mounting arrays 11 A on side 8 of flex circuit 12 relative to side 9 of flex circuit 12. This is merely one relative arrangement between ICs 18 on respective sides of substrate 14.

As shown in FIG. 10, ICs 18 which are on second side 9 (which in this depiction is the inner side with respect to the module 10) of populated flex circuit 12 are disposed in windows 250 so that the upper surfaces 18 _(T) of ICs 18 of row ICR1 of F1 are in close proximity with the upper surfaces 18 _(T) of ICs 18 of rank ICR1 of F2. Thus, a first group of ICs (CSPs in the depiction) may be considered to be comprised of the ICs of IC_(R1) from both fields F1 and F2 while a second group of ICs may be considered to be comprised of the ICs of IC_(R2) from both fields F1 and F2. The ICs 18 that are populated along side 9 of flex circuit 12 are positioned in the cutaway areas of the first and second lateral sides, respectively, of substrate 14. In this case, the cutaway areas on each lateral side of substrate 14 are in spatial coincidence to create windows 250. Those of skill will recognize that the depiction is not to scale but representative of the interrelationships between the elements and the arrangement results in a profile “P” for module 10 that is significantly smaller than it would have been without fitting ICs 18 along inner side 9 of flex circuit 12 into windows 250. Profile P in this case is approximately the sum of the distances between the upper and lower surfaces of IC 18 plus 4× the diameter of the BGA contacts 63 plus 2× the thickness of flex circuit 12 in addition to any adhesive layers 30 employed to adhere one IC 18 to another. This profile dimension will vary depending upon whether BGA contacts 63 are disposed below the surface of flex circuit 12 to reach an appropriate conductive layer or contacts which typically are a part of flex circuit 12.

FIG. 11 is another depiction of the relationship between flex circuitry and a substrate 14 which has been patterned or windowed with cutaway areas. The view of FIG. 11 is taken along a line that would intersect the bodies of ICs 18. In FIG. 11, two flex circuits 12A and 12B are shown populated along their respective sides 9 with ICs 18 (i.e., CSPs in the depiction). The ICs 18 along the inner side 9 of flex circuit 12A are staggered relative to those that are along inner side 9 of flex circuit 12B when module 10 is assembled and flex circuits 12A and 12B are combined with substrate 14. This staggering may result in some construction benefits providing a mechanical “step” for ICs 18 as they are fitted into substrate 14 and may further provide some thermal advantages increasing the contact area between substrate 14 and the plurality of ICs 18. Those of skill will recognize that flex circuits 12A and 12B even though depicted as being populated on only one side, may be populated on either or both sides 8 and 9 just as in those embodiments that employ a single flex circuit 12 may be populated one or both sides of flex circuit 12 and may have populated one or both fields or ranks within fields on one or both sides with CSPs or other circuits.

FIG. 12 depicts a cross sectional view of exemplar substrate 14 employed in FIG. 11 before being combined with populated flex circuits 12A and 12B as viewed along a line through windows 250 of substrate 14. As depicted in FIG. 12, a number of cutaway areas or pockets are delineated with dotted lines and identified with references 250B3 and 250B4, respectively. Those areas identified as 250B3 correspond, in this example, to the pockets, sites, or cutaway areas on one side of substrate 14 into which ICs 18 from flex circuit 12A will be disposed when substrate 14 and flex circuit 12A are combined. Those pocket, sites, or cutaway areas identified as references 250B4 correspond to the sites into which ICs 18 from flex circuit 12B will be disposed.

For purposes herein, the term window may refer to an opening all the way through substrate 14 across span “S” which corresponds to the width or height dimension of packaged IC 18 or, it may also refer to that opening where cutaway areas on each of the two sides of substrate 14 overlap.

Where cutaway areas 250B3 and 250B4 overlap, there are, as depicted, windows all the way through substrate 14. In some embodiments, cutaway areas 250B3 and 250B4 may not overlap or in other embodiments, there may be pockets or cutaway areas only on one side of substrate 14. Those of skill will recognize that cutaway areas such as those identified with references 250B3 and 250B4 may be formed in a variety of ways depending on the material of substrate 14 and need not literally be “cut” away but may be formed by a variety of molding, milling and cutting processes as is understood by those in the field.

FIG. 13 depicts another embodiment of the invention having additional ICs 18. In this embodiment, four flex level transitions 26 connect to four mounting portions 28 of flex circuits 12A₁, 12A₂, 12B₁, and 12B₂. In this embodiment, each mounting portion 28 has ICs 18 on both sides. Flex circuitry 12 may also be provided in this configuration by, for example, having a split flex with layers interconnected with vias. As those of skill will recognize, the possibilities for large capacity iterations of module 10 are magnified by such strategies and the same principles may be employed where the ICs 18 on one side of substrate 14 are staggered relative to those ICs 18 on the other side of substrate 14 or, substrates such as those shown in FIG. 4 that have no cutaway areas may be employed.

Four flex circuits are employed in module 10 as depicted in FIG. 13 and, although those embodiments that wrap flex circuit 12 about end 16A of substrate 14 present manufacturing efficiencies, in some environments having flex circuitry separate from each other may be desirable.

In a typical FB-DIMM system employing multiple FB-DIMM circuits, the respective AMB's from one FB-DIMM circuit to another FB-DIMM circuit are separated by what can be conceived of as three impedance discontinuities as represented in the system depicted in FIG. 14 as D1, D2, and D3. FIG. 14 includes two modules 10 and includes a representation of the connection between the two modules. Discontinuity D1 represents the impedance discontinuity effectuated by the connector—socket combination associated with the first module 10F. Discontinuity D2 represents the impedance perturbation effectuated by the connection between the connector-socket of first module 10F and the connector-socket of second module 10S while discontinuity D3 represents the discontinuity effectuated by the connector-socket combination associated with the second module 10S. The AMB is the new buffer technology particularly for server memory and typically includes a number of features including pass-through logic for reading and writing data and commands and internal serialization capability, a data bus interface, a deserialing and decode logic capability and clocking functions. The functioning of an AMB is the principal distinguishing hard feature of a FB-DIMM module. Those of skill will understand how to implement the connections between ICs 18 and an AMB that may be referenced as circuit 19 in the Figs. in FB-DIMM circuits implemented by embodiments of the present invention and will recognize that the present invention provides advantages in capacity as well as reduced impedance discontinuity that can hinder larger implementations of FB-DIMM systems. Further, those of skill will recognize that various principles of the present invention can be employed to multiple FB-DIMM circuits on a single substrate or module.

In contrast to the system represented by FIG. 14, FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of the single impedance perturbation DX effectuated by the connection between a first circuit 19, where circuit 19 is an AMB, of a first FB-DIMM “FB1” of a first module 10F and a second circuit 19 where circuit 19 in an AMB of a second FB-DIMM “FB2⇄ of the same first module 10F.

FIG. 16 depicts another embodiment of the present invention in which a module 10 is devised using stacks to create a module 10 presenting two FB-DIMM circuits. Those of skill will appreciate that using stacks such as depicted stacks 40 owned by Staktek Group L.P. allows creating modules that have multiple FB-DIMM circuits on a single module. Stacks 40 are just one of several stack designs that may be employed with the present invention. Stacks 40 are devised with mandrels 42 and stack flex circuits 44 as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/453,398, filed Jun. 6, 2003 which is owned by Staktek Group L.P. and which is hereby incorporated by reference and stacks 40 and circuit 19 where circuit 19 is an AMB in the embodiment are mounted on flex circuit 12 which is disposed about substrate 14.

FIG. 17 depicts use of stacks in an embodiment of the present invention that exhibits a low profile with use of stacks. Such an embodiment presents at least two FB-DIMM circuits at its contacts 20.

FIG. 18 illustrates a low profile embodiment of the present invention. The depicted module 10 has at least two AMBs and associated circuitry such as ICs 18 which in the preferred mode and as illustrated are CSPs and needed support circuitry to create at least two FB-DIMM circuits or instantiations on a single module with a low profile. It should be understood that the second AMB in addition to the one literally shown can be disposed on either side of module 10 but preferably will be disposed closer to lateral side S2 of substrate 14 than is the depicted AMB but another AMB (both referenced as circuits 19 in FIG. 18) will be disposed on side 8 of flex circuit 12. In this embodiment, contacts 20 are along side 8 of flex circuit 12 and proximal to edge E of flex circuit 12. The principal circuits that constitute the first FB-DIMM circuitry or instantiation (i.e., the CSPs and AMB) may be disposed in single rank file as shown. They may be allocated to first and second mounting fields of the first and second sides of flex circuit 12 as earlier described with reference to earlier Figs. Those of skill will recognize that contacts 20 may appear on one or both sides of module 10 depending on the mechanical contact interface particulars of the application.

FIG. 19 depicts a preferred embodiment of the present invention and illustrates a module 10 populated with ICs 18 and exhibiting circuit 19 with a resident heat sink 33 emergent from opening 35 in flex-circuit 12.

FIG. 20 depicts side 9 of flex circuit 12. Fields F1 and F2 of depicted flex circuit 12 are each populated with a single rank of ICs 18. Field F2 exhibits IC opening 35 through flex circuit 12. Opening 35 is preferably an opening sufficient in size to allow a selected IC, such as circuit 19, for example, to pass through flex circuit 12. Those of skill will recognize that more than one IC opening 35 may be devised in flex circuit 12 to allow multiple taller profile devices to pass through respective openings.

FIG. 21 depicts another preferred embodiment of the present invention and illustrates a cross-section of a module 10 taken through an iteration of circuit 19. The view of FIG. 21 illustrates module 10 with flex circuit 12 with an opening 35 from which circuit 19 emerges. Flex circuit 12 is wrapped about substrate 14 and IC 19, which is mounted on field F1 of side 9 of flex circuit 12 which in the depicted embodiment is the inner side of module 10, passes through window 250 of substrate 12 to emerge in part from IC opening 35 of flex circuit 12. The depicted circuit 19 exhibits a heat radiative element or heat sink 33 and may be construed to depict an AMB or buffer or logic device, for example. Those of skill will understand that circuit 19 need not emerge from IC opening 35 of flex circuit 12 and that advantages will result merely from placing IC opening 35 of flex circuit 12 substantially in coincidence with circuit 19 to allow thermal energy to be more readily released from circuit 19. However, in many embodiments, circuit 19 will emerge at least in part from opening 35. Other embodiments may be constructed in accordance with the present invention to place, for example, two instantiations of FB-DIMM circuitry on a single module and employ a flex circuit that exhibits two IC openings 35 to coincide with the two AMBs that are either visible through their respective windows in the substrate or actually emerge, at least in part, from the openings 35 of the flex circuit.

As shown in FIG. 21, circuit 19 has a profile depicted by reference “P_(T)” while module 10 has a profile referenced by “P_(M)” and ICs 18 each have a profile indicated by the reference “P₁₈” and substrate 14 has a profile of “P_(S).” As shown, the profile P_(M) of module 10 is increased less by the profiles for ICs 18 and circuit 19 than would be expected without the use of the techniques disclosed herein. For example, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 21, P_(M) is less than four times the profile P₁₈ of ICs 18 plus P_(T) because circuit 19 is disposed into window 250 of substrate 14 and through opening 35 of flex circuit 12.

In this embodiment, the construction places ICs 18 of field F1 on the S₁ side of substrate 14 and ICs 18 of field F2 on the S₂ side of substrate 14 while the taller profile or height of circuit 19, represented by reference P_(T), lies substantially within the profile or height P_(M) of module 10 thus resulting in a lower profile module 10 than would have been exhibited had circuit 19 been mounted, for example, on side 8 of flex circuit 12 such as the taller profile module 10 shown in previous FIG. 6. Those of skill will recognize that with appropriate layout as would be understood after appreciation of this disclosure, the principles of the present invention may be employed, for example, to dispose multiple AMBs through respective windows 250 of substrate 14 and IC openings 35 through flex circuit 12 to provide a low profile module 10 that exhibits multiple instantiations of a fully-buffered DIMM circuitry.

FIG. 22 depicts an alternative embodiment of the present invention and shows module 10 populated with ICs 18 on side 8 of flex circuit 12 and circuit 19 passing through window 250 of substrate 14. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 22 may be employed, for example, in PCI applications where the space allowed for expansion boards is minimal and typically only one-sided conventional boards have been compliant with the space allotted by the application. The principles of the present invention may, therefore, allow greater capacities to be employed in PCI constrained applications.

The present invention may be employed to advantage in a variety of applications and environment such as, for example, in computers such as servers and notebook computers by being placed in motherboard expansion slots to provide enhanced memory capacity while utilizing fewer sockets. Although the present invention has been described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many embodiments taking a variety of specific forms and reflecting changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the described embodiments illustrate but do not restrict the scope of the claims. 

1. A circuit module comprising: a flex circuit having a first side, a second side, and an IC opening passing through the flex circuit and plural contacts along the first side adapted for connection to a circuit board socket; at least one CSP of a first type mounted on the second side of the flex circuit; and a rigid substrate having first and second opposing lateral sides and a window passing through the rigid substrate, the flex circuit being disposed about the rigid substrate to dispose the at least one CSP of a first type into the window passing through the rigid substrate.
 2. The circuit module of claim 1 in which the at least one CSP of a first type emerges from the IC opening passing through the flex circuit.
 3. The circuit module of claim 1 in which a plurality of CSPs of a second type are disposed along the second side of the flex circuit.
 4. The circuit module of claim 3 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type are comprised of memory CSPs.
 5. The circuit module of claim 4 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type which are comprised of stacks.
 6. The circuit module of claim 1 in which a plurality of CSPs of a second type are disposed along the first side of the flex circuit.
 7. The circuit module of claim 6 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type are comprised of memory circuits.
 8. The circuit module of claim 7 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type are comprised of stacks.
 9. The circuit module of claim 1 connected to a circuit board socket through the plural contacts of the flex circuit.
 10. The circuit module of claim 1 in which the second side of the flex circuit has a first field and a second field and the at least one CSP of the first type is mounted on the first field of the second side and a plurality of CSPs of a second type are mounted on the second field of the second side.
 11. The circuit module of claim 1 in which the at least one CSP of the first type is an AMB.
 12. The circuit module of claim 1 in which the first side of the flex circuit is populated with a plurality of CSPs of a second type.
 13. The circuit module of claims 10 or 12 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type are memory circuits.
 14. The circuit module of claim 13 in which the plurality of CSPs of the second type are memory circuits arranged in stacks.
 15. The circuit module of claim 1 further comprising plural CSPs of a second type in which the substrate is patterned to provide cutaway areas into which are disposed the plural CSPs of the second type.
 16. The circuit module of claim 1 further comprising a first plurality of CSPs of a second type, and the first plurality of CSPs of the second type and the at least one CSP of the first type comprise a first FB-DIMM instantiation.
 17. The circuit module of claim 16 further comprising a second plurality of CSPs of a second type and the at least one CSP of the first type comprises two AMBs and the second plurality of CSPs of the second type and the at least one CSP of the first type which comprise two AMBs comprise a second FB-DIMM instantiation.
 18. A circuit module comprising: a flex circuit having a first side, a second side, an IC opening that passes through the flex circuit, and a set of contacts for insertion in a circuit board socket, the first side being populated with plural CSPs of a first type, the second side being populated with a CSP of a second type; and a rigid substrate having first and second lateral sides, an edge, and a window that passes through the rigid substrate, the flex circuit being wrapped about the edge of the rigid substrate to dispose the plural CSPs of the first type on the outside of the module and the CSP of the second type into the window of the rigid substrate.
 19. The circuit module of claim 18 in which the CSP of the second type emerges in part from the IC opening of the flex circuit.
 20. The circuit module of claim 18 in which the plural CSPs of the first type are memory circuits.
 21. The circuit module of claim 20 in which the plural CSPs of the first type are memory circuits arranged in stacks.
 22. The circuit module of claim 18 in which the set of contacts for insertion in a circuit board are disposed proximal to a perimeter edge of the flex circuit.
 23. The module of claim 18 in which the first side of the flex circuit has a first and a second field each of which fields are populated with plural CSPs of the first type and the second side of the flex circuit has a first and a second field and the first field of the second side is populated with the CSP of the second type and the second field of the second side is populated with plural CSPs of the first type and the flex circuit is disposed about the rigid substrate to dispose the first fields of the first and second sides on the first side of the rigid substrate and the second fields of the first and second sides on the second side of the rigid substrate.
 24. The module of claim 23 in which the set of contacts for insertion in a circuit board socket are disposed between the first and second fields of the first side of the flex circuit.
 25. The module of claim 23 in which the set of contacts for insertion in a circuit board socket are disposed proximal to a perimeter edge of the flex circuit.
 26. A circuit module comprising: a flex circuit having a first side, a second side, an IC opening and a set of contacts for connecting the module to a circuit board connector, the flex circuit being populated on its first side with memory CSPs and on its second side with at least one IC of a selected type; a supporting substrate having a first side, a second side, a window passing through the supporting substrate and an edge, about which the flex circuit is wrapped to dispose the first side of the flex circuit further from the supporting substrate than is the second side of the flex circuit and dispose the at least one IC of the selected type into the window of the supporting substrate.
 27. The circuit module of claim 26 in which the IC of the selected type is disposed through the window of the supporting substrate and emerges in part from the IC opening of the flex circuit.
 28. The circuit module of claim 26 in which the set of contacts are proximal to a perimeter edge of the flex circuit.
 29. The circuit module of claim 26 in which the set of contacts are disposed between a first rank of memory CSPs and a second rank of memory CSPs populated on the first side of the flex circuit.
 30. The circuit module of claim 26 inserted into a circuit board connector.
 31. A circuit module comprising: a flex circuit having a first side and a second side and first and second openings through the flex circuit and there being along the first side, a plurality of expansion board contacts; memory CSPs disposed on the second side of the flex circuit; first and second AMBs disposed on the second side of the flex circuit; and a substrate having first and second windows and an edge about which edge the flex circuit is disposed to dispose the first AMB into the first window of the substrate and dispose the second AMB into the second window of the substrate.
 32. The circuit module of claim 31 in which the first AMB is emergent in part from the first opening of the flex circuit and the second AMB is emergent in part from the second opening of the flex circuit.
 33. The circuit module of claim 31 further comprising memory CSPs disposed on the first side of the flex circuit.
 34. The circuit module of claim 31 in which the memory CSPs disposed on the second side of the flex circuit are arrange in first and second ranks.
 35. The circuit module of claim 33 in which the memory CSPs disposed on the first side of the flex circuit are arranged in first and second ranks.
 36. The circuit module of claim 31 in which the memory CSPs disposed on the second side of the flex circuit are arranged in stacks.
 37. The circuit module of claim 33 in which the memory CSPs disposed on the first side of the flex circuit are arranged in stacks.
 38. The circuit module of claim 31 in which the plurality of expansion board contacts are proximal to a perimeter edge of the flex circuit.
 39. The circuit module of claim 35 in which the plurality of expansion board contacts are arranged between the first and second ranks of the memory CSPs disposed on the first side of the flex circuit.
 40. A circuit module comprising: a flexible circuit having a plurality of connector contacts, a first major side, a second major side, and first and second IC openings, the flex circuit having two or more rows of surface mount arrays on the second major side, the flexible circuit having an arcuate bend between a selected two of the two or more rows of surface mount arrays on the second major side, the second major side facing inward to the arcuate bend; a plurality of CSP memory devices populated along the two or more rows of surface mount arrays of the second major side, each of the CSP memory devices having a top major surface; first and second AMBs populated along the first major side of flexible circuit. a support substrate partially within the arcuate bend, the support substrate having a first side, a second side, and first and second AMB windows and an edge, the top major surface of one of the plurality of CSP memory devices populated along the two or more rows of surface mount arrays of the second major side being attached to the top major surface of one of the plurality of CSP memory devices populated along another one of the two or more rows of surface mount arrays of the second major side and the first and second AMBs being disposed in the first and second AMB windows and emergent from the first and second IC openings of the flex circuit, respectively.
 41. The circuit module of claim 40 in which the edge of the support substrate is adapted for insertion into a card edge connector.
 42. A circuit module comprising: a flex circuit having a first side, a second side, a perimeter edge and a set of circuit board connector contacts, the flex circuit being populated on its first side with plural CSPs of a first type and populated on its second side with at least one IC of a second type; a substrate having first and second sides and an edge and a window through which the at least one IC of the second type is inserted to dispose the plural CSPs of the first type on the first side of the substrate and cause the at least one IC of the second type to emerge from the second side of the substrate through the window of the substrate.
 43. The circuit module of claim 42 in which the plural CSPs of the first type are memory CSPs and the at least one IC of the second type is a buffer circuit.
 44. The circuit module of claim 42 in which the at least one IC of the second type is a logic circuit.
 45. The circuit module of claim 42 in which the set of circuit board connector contacts are proximal to the perimeter edge of the flex circuit. 